Journal: IPSI Transactions on Internet Research

Optimization and Standardization Challenges
in 3D Hydrogel Bioprinting

Authors: Danko, Mária Hlubeňová, Jana
Živčák, Jozef and Hudák, Radovan


View PDF Cite this article

Abstract

3D bioprinting technologies have unique potential in biomedical and tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical research. However, the hydrogel materials used for bioprinting are poorly understood, and there are currently no specific standards to ensure their printability and quality. This study systematically reviews existing standards related to the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and sterility of hydrogels and assesses their suitability for 3D bioprinting. The results show that while current standards provide a good starting point, they must be adapted to address the unique challenges of hydrogel bioprinting, such as cross-linking processes and rheological behavior. This study underscores the urgent need to develop new, customized standards to improve the printability, structural integrity, and safety of bioprinted materials. The aim is to propose an optimized framework for evaluating and enhancing hydrogel printability.


Keywords

Hydrogel, bioprinting, printability, optimization, scaffold


Published in: IPSI Transaction on Internet Research (Volume: 21, Issue: 2)
Publisher: IPSI, Belgrade

Date of Publication: April 1, 2025

Open Access: CC-BY-NC-ND
DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2502.02

Pages: 5 - 15

ISSN: 1820 - 4503

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Danko, Mária

Maria Danko is a scientific researcher specializing in 3D bioprinting of hydrogel implants and constructs at the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement at TUKE. She holds a doctorate in bionics and biomechanics, and in her dissertation, she focused on thermal imaging diagnostics. With nine years of experience in biomedical engineering, she has dedicated her work to developing human-use implants at Biomedical Engineering, s.r.o. Maria actively participates in conferences, congresses, and training sessions and has earned several certificates in biomedical engineering. Additionally, she is the author of various original articles indexed in the Web of Science database, university textbooks, and scripts.
email: maria.danko@tuke.sk, Web of Science Researcher ID: AAB-4423-2020, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-2043

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Hlubeňová, Jana

Jana Hlubeňová is a scientific researcher at the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurements, Faculty of Science, Technical University of Košice. Her professional focus includes additive manufacturing and the analysis of mixtures and materials for 3D bioprinting. She participated in an internship in Turin focused on simulation in the Matlab program. She has experience managing EU-funded projects and creating an educational program within the Human Resources OP. She has FESTO EP111, FESTO EP121, and FESTO ET500 certificates.
email: jana.hlubenova@tuke.sk, Web of Science Researcher ID: JWO-2155-2025, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4028-424X

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Hudák, Radovan

Radovan Hudák is a professor and director of the Institute of Special Engineering Processes at the Faculty of Science, Technical University of Košice. His research focuses on additive technologies in medicine, human biomechanics, andmedical thermography. He has conducted international internships at institutions such as the University of Ghent and UIC Chicago. Hudák serves on the ASTM committees for Temperature Measurement and Additive Manufacturing Technologies (F42). He is also on the editorial board of the journal ProIN and co-founded the YBERC conference. With over 350 publications to his name, he has authored eight monographs, nine textbooks, and 30 peer-reviewed articles.
email: radovan.hudak@tuke.sk, Web of Science Researcher IDAAD-5403-2019, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1060-0539

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Živčák, Jozef

Jozef Živčák is an Academician of the Learned Society of Slovakia and the Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at TUKE. He played a key role in establishing the Biomedical Engineering department at TUKE and developed the "Prosthetics and Orthotics" study program. He has published over 700 works, including 64 in the CCC database, and holds an H-index 16. He co-authored patents that have been implemented in practice. Živčák is a member of the international IMEKO-TC 18 committee and chairs the "Measurement of Human Functions" in Slovakia. He has also trained more than 30 PhD candidates.
email: jozef.zivcak@tuke.sk Web of Science Researcher ID: AAD-6090-2019, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-5107

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Cite this article

Danko, Mária; Hlubeňová, Jana; Hudák, Radovan; and Živčák, Jozef
"Optimization and Standardization Challenges in 3D Hydrogel Bioprinting",
IPSI Transactions on Internet Research, vol. 21(2), pp. 5-15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2502.02